Ubiquinone is yellow-orange in color. Thus, only low doses (< 1%) can be used in topical cosmetic skin care products to avoid aesthetic color concerns. This low dose likely limits the benefit potential of this ingredient.
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES Hydroxy and Keto Acids
There are many compounds within this group: alpha-hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, alpha-keto acids such as pyruvic acid, and beta-hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid. Their mechanism involves accelerated exfoliation of stratum corneum, leading to a variety of skin surface texture and color appearance improvement effects. These materials are the subject of another chapter in this volume.