1. Science and clinical studies: Numerous studies have been published on both of these ingredients relating to antioxidant function and protection against UV damage. Additionally, vitamin C has been shown to enhance collagen and elastin production. Both ingredients are essential in a formula if any antioxidant and/or anti-aging claims are to be made. The two ingredients work together to a redox manner to neutralize free radicals by converting to both a pro-oxidative and natural state.
2. Key benefits: Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant which can act synergistically with vitamin C to help fight against free radical damage associated with premature aging.
3. Primary adverse effects: Although uncommon, some contact dermatitis reactions have been reported to vitamin E over the years as well as irritant reactions caused by vitamin C due to some products low pH.
4. Practical applications in dermatology: Used alone or in combination these antioxidants have a variety of applications for anti-aging.