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Tretinoin, the original topical retinoid, has been formulated in different vehicles in an attempt to decrease the irritation associated with the original formulations (Table 1). One delivery system involves the use of inert microspheres impregnated with tretinoin to allow for a slower delivery of tretinoin (Retin-A Micro® 0.04%, and 0.1% gel). Another formulation involves the combination of tretinoin with polyolprepolymer-2 (Avita®). Polyolprepolymer-2 prevents rapid percutaneous absorption of tretinoin, thus lessening some of the early irritation experienced with pure tretinoin products (37). Less peeling and

Table 1 Topical Retinoid Preparations Used for Treatment of Acne Vulgaris

Drug	Trade	Vehicle	Concentration
Tretinoin	Retin-A	Cream	0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%
		Gel	0.01%, 0.025%
		Solution	0.05%
	Retin-A Micro	Gel with	0.04%, 0.1%
		microsponge
		system
	Avita	Cream	0.025%
		Gel	0.025%
	Altinac	Cream	0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%
	Renova	Cream
	Generic	Cream	0.025%, 0.05%, 0.1%
		Gel	0.025%
Adapalene	Differin	Cream	0.1%
		Gel	0.1%
		Solution	0.1%
Tazarotene	Tazorac	Gel	0.05%, 0.1%
		Cream	0.05%, 0.1%

Many topical retinoids are available in different vehicles and varying concentrations. Source: Adapted from Ref. 11.

drying can be seen in patients using Avita® (37,38). A multi-center, double-bind, parallel study demonstrated comparable efficacy between Avita® and tretinoin 0.025% cream in 215 patients after 12 weeks of treatment (38).