Most, if not all, commercial sunless tanning products utilize DHA to deliver a tanned appearance to the skin. Dihydroxyacetone is a three-carbon sugar that reacts nonenzymatically with amino acids in the outer layers of skin to produce brown/tan colored polymers (62). This color-forming reaction, i. e., the Maillard Reaction, is not immediate, and hence visible tanning is not noticeable until a few hours after application. Further, the tanned color produced by DHA is substantive, lasting several days before it gradually fades away as the outer layers of skin cells slough away. This is in contrast with common bronzing products that provide immediate color to the skin through the use of dyes and colored pigments that can be easily washed off. In addition to DHA, several sunless tanning products also contain erythrulose (63), another sugar capable of reacting with skin proteins to generate a more even and longer lasting sunless tan.
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