Ferulic acid is a potent phenolic antioxidant found ubiquitously and in high concentrations in the cell walls of grains, fruits, and vegetables where it is conjugated with mono-, di-, and poly-saccharides and other compounds (114,115). As a potent antioxidant, ferulic acid protects membranes from lipid peroxidation and is synergistic with ascorbic acid (116). Anticarcinogenesis has been demonstrated for pulmonary (117) and colon cancers (118). Topical ferulic was shown to inhibit UVB-induced erythema (119). In a topical preparation, ferulic acid stabilized vitamins C and E and added substantial synergistic photoprotection doubling efficacy as measured by both erythema and sunburn cell formation from four-fold to eight-fold (120). Inhibition of apoptosis correlated with decreased thymine dimer formation and reduced induction of both caspase-3 and downstream caspase-7 (120).
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